III. Advantages of Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN) Private Network for Autonomous Driving
For autonomous driving and intelligent remote control of vehicles and equipment, the selected wireless system must meet the following key requirements:
1.Security, security, security: The security of the communication system is one of the fundamental guarantees for the safety of autonomous driving and remote control. Therefore, using operator 4G/5G networks connected to the Internet, or wireless products based on open IEEE802.11a/b/g/n/AC and other WiFi technical protocols, cannot ensure this security requirement.
Only wireless private network systems that adopt truly proprietary communication technologies (proprietary technologies) and support wireless packetization, channel encryption, Access Control List (ACL), Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN), Virtual Private Network (VPN), and Firewall technologies can guarantee security. A three-dimensional and comprehensive security architecture is one of the greatest advantages of Guoxin Longxin’s iMAX Wireless Metropolitan Area Network. A wireless private network—an exclusive wireless system deployed only in the user’s working scenario—can ensure the true security of the system.
For details on the security of wireless private networks, please refer to Network Security Cannot Be Ignored—You Can’t Afford to Bear This Responsibility!.
2.High bandwidth and high capacity: Wireless bandwidth is the basic capability to meet the communication needs of business systems. Remote control and intelligent systems involve the transmission of massive data, videos, and voice, which usually require high bandwidth of tens or hundreds of megabytes. The bandwidth performance of Guoxin Longxin’s iMAX Wireless Metropolitan Area Network system is consistent with its model specifications, with no false claims. Schemes designed on demand fully guarantee the bandwidth requirements for information transmission in vehicle autonomous driving.
As a professional wireless communication system, the iMAX Wireless Metropolitan Area Network system also features the concept of “capacity,” which includes two aspects: first, the number of concurrent user-end CPEs connected to the Base Station (BS); second, the total capacity of IP high-definition videos in the system. The high capacity of Guoxin Longxin’s products not only relies on hardware architecture but also benefits from extensive work on software architecture, using proprietary iMAX communication technology to significantly improve system capacity.
3.High reliability: Guoxin Longxin’s iMAX wireless private network system has an excellent reputation for quality, with numerous cases of continuous and stable operation in harsh environments for years. Our products serve as our best marketing ambassadors.
Wireless Metropolitan Area Network private network solutions emphasize ring network, redundancy, and hot backup designs at the scheme level, greatly improving the reliability and availability of network systems.
Equally important, the iMAX wireless private network system supports multiple reliability technologies, such as VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol) for virtual hot backup routing, RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol), MESH (centerless mesh network) technology, and MLDM (Multi-Link Data Mirroring) technology. Networks built on these reliability technologies can fully ensure network reliability from the perspective of system architecture.
For details on the reliability of wireless solutions, please refer to How to Ensure High Reliability of Wireless Network Systems?.
4.Good economy: The Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN) private network requires a one-time investment, which is significantly lower than that of 4G/5G private network solutions. There are no subsequent traffic fees, rental fees, etc. The products and schemes are stable and reliable, and maintenance and management are carried out by the user. Therefore, for long-term use in park autonomous driving networks, the cost is only 1/3 or even 1/10 of that of 4G/5G private network solutions, with better security, higher reliability, and easier operation and management.
If wireless WiFi (including bridges) is used for park wireless coverage, the number of WiFi devices will increase significantly due to their limited coverage distance and access capability. Although the unit price is low, the total cost will be much higher. Moreover, issues with reliability, security, and seamless roaming make it unsuitable for autonomous driving scenarios.
5.Long-distance coverage and roaming mobility:The ultra-long communication distance of the iMAX Wireless Metropolitan Area Network system is often a key advantage in winning projects. Taking a typical point-to-multipoint network as an example, with the BS using a 120-degree sector and vehicles equipped with remote CPEs, line-of-sight communication over 3-8 kilometers can be easily achieved—something most competing wireless systems cannot match.
Autonomous driving scenarios involve mobile networking, and large areas inevitably involve roaming between base stations. The iMAX Wireless Metropolitan Area Network system excels in low latency (millisecond-level) and mobility. Seamless roaming between base stations without service interruption is solved at the technical level, mainly relying on Guoxin Longxin’s VRRP virtual hot backup routing technology and MLDM multi-link data mirroring technology. The Huanyou low-frequency mobile communication system supports MESH network technology, making it ideal for temporary emergency vehicle networking.
6.Anti-interference and environmental adaptability:Wireless systems inevitably face interference issues. A significant advantage of the iMAX Wireless interference issues. A significant advantage of the iMAX Wireless Metropolitan Area Network system over low-end WiFi bridge systems is its enhanced anti-interference capability. The continuous wide-frequency design also offers obvious advantages in frequency planning. For details, please refer to How to Solve Wireless Interference?.
The iMAX Wireless Metropolitan Area Network system includes indoor and outdoor devices. Outdoor ODU (Outdoor Unit) devices excel in environmental adaptability with features such as waterproofing, lightning protection, dustproofing, corrosion resistance, and resistance to high and low temperatures, ensuring stable operation in harsh working environments. Indoor devices also meet industrial-grade high-reliability standards in terms of dustproofing and temperature resistance.
7.Low latency and link stability: For remote control, lower network latency is always better, with the industry generally requiring 50ms or even 20ms. Currently, very few wireless solutions can truly achieve network latency within 10 milliseconds. However, the wireless link latency of Guoxin Longxin’s iMAX Wireless Metropolitan Area Network and low-frequency Huanyou MESH system is only a few milliseconds, and the overall link latency of the private network solution is around 20ms, which is crucial for autonomous driving and remote control.
Network link fluctuations, with bandwidth varying unpredictably, are common issues in WiFi and 4G/5G networks. The former is mainly caused by IEEE802.11 series protocols, while the latter is primarily due to the public network’s tidal effect. However, network fluctuations directly affect the usability of autonomous driving and remote control systems. In terms of link stability, Guoxin Longxin’s Wireless Metropolitan Area Network private network solution has a significant advantage.
8.Network features such as firewall and routing:One of the biggest differences between the iMAX Wireless Metropolitan Area Network system and wireless bridges is that it not only supports transparent bridge protocols but also routing protocols (static protocols/RIPv2/OSPFv2, etc.). This can avoid problems such as “large Layer 2 network failures causing cascading disruptions”, and effectively achieve hot backup redundancy and fast mobile roaming in large-scale network deployment, which is extremely important for autonomous driving networks. Moreover, it supports Firewall functions, comparable to professional firewall devices, bringing convenience and efficiency to users’ network security and networking.
For further detailed technical discussions, please refer to special topics such as How Important Is It for Wireless Systems to Support Routing Technology?, Application of VRRP Technology in iMAX Wireless Private Network Networking, and Introduction to Firewall Technology in iMAX Wireless Systems.
IV. Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN) Private Network Solution for Autonomous Driving
Based on years of experience in designing and implementing solutions for unmanned scenarios and wireless industries, Guoxin Longxin has summarized several common characteristics of networking for autonomous driving & intelligent remote control in parks (including freight yards, port areas, blocks, etc.):
1.Private network is the preferred solution:
The application of autonomous driving in parks is usually within a certain area, and there has been an ongoing debate in the mobile communication industry about whether to use a private network (or dedicated network system) or a public network (referring to the operational networks of telecom operators).
Using public network technologies (such as 4G/5G from telecom operators) has the advantage that there is no need to build base stations oneself—networking is possible as long as there is signal coverage. However, the problems are obvious: high costs, insufficient security, and unreliability. After all, such connections rely on the support of the operator’s network platform. Once there are too many users online, the network may become unavailable. Moreover, connecting to public cloud platforms via the Internet is constantly facing security threats such as hacker attacks and data hijacking.
Using a private dedicated network, including Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) or Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN) private network, has obvious advantages: it is safe and reliable, and the designed performance can basically be guaranteed in actual use. Additionally, there are no long-term usage costs such as traffic fees or link rental fees, making it economically viable. However, its usability often becomes an issue when moving outside the designated area.
Therefore, the optimal communication solution for autonomous driving private networks in parks is still a private network, i.e., a wireless private network. In some scenarios, dual-network integration (WMAN + 5G) can be implemented. Of course, some solutions can only choose 4G/5G public networks, such as a large number of autonomous driving taxis operating across the city.
2.High reliability and high availability:
The more autonomous the driving, the more important network communication becomes. The wireless communication networking system must ensure the reliability of the system when it is needed. In fire-fighting scenarios, if the network fails, it will directly affect command decisions; in military combat scenarios, if the communication of tank formations is interrupted, coordinated operations cannot be carried out; in logistics and industrial sites, if the networking of AGVs for logistics warehousing and terminal transportation is interrupted, it will not only affect the operational efficiency of port yards but may even lead to serious accidents such as large-scale paralysis of warehouses and terminals…
Therefore, the networking application for autonomous driving must be specifically designed in terms of technical solutions, equipment selection, network architecture, antenna configuration, and installation processes to ensure its high availability and reliability.
3.Integrated bearing of multiple services:
The wireless communication networking system for autonomous driving must have sufficient bandwidth, support real-time two-way communication, and be able to carry services such as high-definition video, vehicle operation and scheduling data, sensor data (positioning, lidar, attitude sensors, etc.), voice, and other network services. It is preferable for multiple services to uniformly adopt the TCP/IP standard to facilitate system compatibility and expansion.
It should be emphasized that currently, many industry users value the real-time transmission and high capacity of high-definition video surveillance as a key capability of the wireless networking system for autonomous driving vehicles, which is a hard indicator that must be met.
4. Plug-and-Play Application:
Guoxin Longxin has been committed to transforming complex technical solutions into “plug-and-play applications” for end-users. Its ability to simplify complexity is first based on an accurate understanding of user needs, and second on the continuous research and exploration of various technologies.Different industries have distinct application requirements for unmanned driving wireless networking systems, which inevitably leads to differences in system composition and makes it difficult to unify solutions. Below, we will take several common unmanned driving scenarios as examples to introduce the wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN) private network solution.
Solution 1: Wireless Private Network Solution for IGV in Port Yards
A large number of IGVs (Intelligent Guided Vehicles) will be deployed in port yards in the future, operating through remote control or unmanned driving. The schematic diagram of a typical wireless communication networking system for IGVs in port yards is as follows:

IGV equipment in port yards is usually relatively large, while AGVs used in logistics industries and factory assembly lines are relatively small. IGV communication needs to carry multiple services such as high-definition video surveillance, network data, real-time location, and its own status information, which requires higher bandwidth and capacity, as well as a more reliable, secure, and stable wireless private network. Guoxin Longxin’s iMAX Wireless Metropolitan Area Network private network system is an ideal solution.
The specific scheme design needs to be customized according to the shape of the IGV and the usage scenario. For example, for IGV vehicles carrying containers, since the metal body of the container itself blocks wireless signals, it is necessary to customize appropriate antennas at multiple positions on the vehicle body to ensure effective transmission of wireless signals and guarantee indicators such as network latency, packet loss rate, and bandwidth. In addition, whether both the base station side and the vehicle-mounted end of the wireless system adopt hot backup redundant networking should also be adjusted according to the reliability requirements of the system.
Solution 2: Wireless Private Network Solution for Unmanned Mining Trucks in Mines
The deployment and popularization of unmanned mining trucks in mines are accelerating. Many mines either lack 5G private networks or have extensive 5G blind zones. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt the iMAX wireless private network or a “wireless private network + operator 5G integration” solution depending on specific circumstances. The schematic diagram of a typical wireless private network system for unmanned mining trucks in mines is as follows:

Open-pit mines cover a huge area and are usually in the form of pits. Unmanned mining trucks are extremely large, making it relatively easy to avoid common wireless issues such as obstruction and interference in this scenario. Therefore, the adoption of a wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN) private network is highly suitable.
The “wireless private network + operator 5G integration” solution for unmanned mining trucks is more suitable for mines that have already built an operator 5G private network. The wireless private network can serve as an indispensable supplement to the operator’s 5G network, solving problems such as 5G blind spots and insufficient reliability.
In mine scenarios, network connectivity is inherently difficult. While building a network for unmanned mining trucks, this same network can also be used to support access for fixed-point video surveillance, office WiFi, and other services. For details, please refer to Wireless Network Solution for Smart Mines.
Solution 3: Wireless Private Network Solution for Unmanned Forklifts in Warehouses
Networking of unmanned forklifts, robots, and stackers has become an inevitable trend in intelligent warehousing. The enclosed warehouse environment and obstructions from numerous metal shelves pose challenges to ensuring network reliability for unmanned forklift operations. The WiFi local area network solution or the “WiFi + wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN) private network integration” solution are the most common options, and the recommended technology to use is the medium-high frequency leaky wave cable solution.
The topological diagram of a typical leaky wave cable wireless private network solution for unmanned forklifts in warehouses is as follows:
Of course, if the unmanned forklift has low dependence on network communication, a regular air-interface WiFi LAN solution or a “WiFi + wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN) private network integration” solution can also be fully adopted. The customization of the specific solution depends on user requirements, and the reference solutions can be found in Medium and High Frequency Leaky Wave Cable Wireless Private Network Solution and Smart Warehousing Wireless Network Solution.
There is a large number of truck operations in industrial parks and logistics parks. Unmanned heavy-duty trucks are gradually maturing, with advantages such as saving human resources, reducing operating costs, and lowering management difficulty.
If trucks are used for remote control or unmanned driving, the mobile area of the trucks needs to be considered. If they only operate in designated areas within the park (including surrounding areas), the Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN) private network solution is the first choice. If they need to enter public roads or even operate across cities, the “Wireless Private Network + 5G Public Network Integration Solution” is a better option.
The “Wireless Metropolitan Area Network Private Network + 5G Public Network Integration Solution” does not involve building two independent networks for joint use. Instead, within the park, the wireless metropolitan area network is used to support high-reliability unmanned driving & remote control networking while reducing operating costs such as data packages. Outside the park, the network automatically switches to the 5G virtual private network to meet the networking needs of vehicles in a wider area.

In the scenario of such dual wireless link networking, routing priority technology is required to handle the network traffic direction of different services (such as vehicle HD video, data, etc.). The ideal architecture is to take the private network as the primary network, and automatically switch to the virtual private network based on the 5G public network in areas without a private network. Thanks to Guoxin Longxin’s accumulated expertise in both wireless metropolitan area network technology and 4G\5G public network technology, this integration can be achieved, enabling smooth service switching.
Guoxin Longxin offers a variety of operator 5G devices. For the latest outdoor ultra-long-distance communication device, please refer to iMWB-5GW2000D Ultra-Long-Range WAN Multi-Mode MIFI Terminal.
Solution 5: Wireless Private Network Solution for Unmanned Mobile Machinery
Mobile machinery, such as cranes, reach stackers, bulldozers, trenchers, and lift trucks, is widely used in industries including infrastructure construction sites, ports, freight yards, electric power, water conservancy, and petroleum. Remote control and unmanned driving of mobile machinery also require reliable network support.
Due to their wide range of movement, for machinery operating in a fixed area, the wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN) private network solution mentioned above can be adopted to address networking issues. For example, the topological diagram of the private network for unmanned cleaning machinery in bulk cargo holds is as follows:

In the case of mobile machinery that is “deployed flexibly wherever needed,” many operational areas may not even have full coverage of basic 2G or 4G networks. Can a wireless private network solution be adopted to achieve remote control or unmanned driving networking? The answer is yes. However, due to the flexible deployment nature of its operational environment, more specific and in-depth requirement research and customization may be necessary. We have designed a networking solution for unmanned operation machinery in forest fire prevention scenarios (deep forests with no network at all). The topology diagram of its private network construction is as follows:

In this solution, we have integrated the Huanyou Low-Frequency MESH and the iMAX Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) system. The former possesses robust non-line-of-sight (NLOS) communication capabilities and can be co-designed with individual soldier backpack stations and UAV airborne stations, thereby fully ensuring the private network communication performance at the operation site. The latter primarily addresses the interconnection issue with the backbone network of the command center.
Regarding vehicle-to-everything (V2X) application scenarios, such as fire trucks, muck trucks, garbage collection vehicles, and concrete mixers, solutions are already available in the “V2X Wireless Private Network Solution”. However, if unmanned driving and remote control are involved, further design enhancements are imperative to strengthen network reliability and availability. For solutions involving the joint networking of UAVs, robots, and vehicles, it is even more crucial to design from the perspective of users’ actual needs.
Autonomous vehicle driving and remote-controlled network connectivity impose extremely high demands on network stability, reliability, security, and other related aspects. This proposal is merely a starting point to stimulate further ideas; specific requirements shall be tailored to individual needs.
Leveraging its technical capabilities and project experience gained from successfully delivering similar projects over the years, Guoxin Longxin is capable of providing users with the most suitable, cost-effective wireless private network system solutions that are customized to align with their practical requirements.